George Catlin

(American, 1796–1872)

George Catlin was an American artist known for his paintings of Native American culture during the early 19th century. Catlin’s primary aim was to document the tribes and landscapes of the frontier before they were altered by white settlers. “The site of the lower town, is one of the most beautiful and pleasing that can be seen in the world, and even more beautiful than imagination could ever create,” he once wrote of the Mandan tribe’s village. Born on July 26, 1796 in Wilkes-Barre, PA, he was a practicing lawyer but dedicated himself to portrait painting in 1823. His interest was spurred by the many artifacts brought back from the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804–1806, which he saw in the collection of the established painter Charles Wilson Peale. Setting off in 1830 to St. Louis, Catlin began his vast project, he made over 500 paintings around the Missouri river of several tribes, including the Sioux, Iowa, Ojibbeway, and Mandan. These works captured buffalo hunts, ceremonies, and daily life. In 1838, the artist returned east and began holding exhibitions of the artifacts and paintings he had accumulated during these years. His self-titled Indian Gallery, traveled to major cities in America before touring through London, Brussels, and Paris. Catlin died on December 23, 1876 in Jersey City, NJ. Today, the artist’s works are held in the collections of the Smithsonian America Art Museum in Washington, D.C., the Carnegie Museum of Art in Pittsburgh, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, among others.